ABSTRACT
Objective: We sought to apply Shannon's entropy to determine colorectal cancer genes in a microarray dataset
Materials and Methods: In the retrospective study, 36 samples were analysed, 18 colorectal carcinoma and 18 paired normal tissue samples. After identification of the gene fold-changes, we used the entropy theory to identify an effective gene set. These genes were subsequently categorised into homogenous clusters
Results: We assessed 36 tissue samples. The entropy theory was used to select a set of 29 genes from 3128 genes that had fold-changes greater than one, which provided the most information on colorectal cancer. This study shows that all genes fall into a cluster, except for the R08183 gene
Conclusion: This study has identified several genes associated with colon cancer using the entropy method, which were not detected by custom methods. Therefore, we suggest that the entropy theory should be used to identify genes associated with cancers in a microarray dataset
ABSTRACT
Objective: Pompe disease [PD] is a progressive neuromuscular disorder that is caused by glucosidase acid alpha [GAA] deleterious mutations. Mitochondrial involvement is an important contributor to neuromuscular diseases. In this study the sequence of MT-ATP 6/8 and Cytochrome C oxidase I/II genes along with the expression levels of the former genes were compared in classic and non-classic patients
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the sequence of MT-ATP 6/8 and Cytochrome C oxidase was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]-Sanger sequencing and expression of MT-ATP genes were quantified by real time-PCR [RT-PCR] in 28 Pompe patients. The results were then compared with 100 controls. All sequences were compared with the revised Cambridge reference sequence as reference
Results: Screening of MT-ATP6/8 resulted in the identification of three novel variants, namely T9117A, A8456C and A8524C. There was a significant decrease in MT-ATP6 expression between classic [i.e. adult] and control groups [P=0.030]. Additionally, the MT-ATP8 expression was significantly decreased in classic [P=0.004] and non-classic [i.e. infant] patients [P=0.013]. In total, 22 variants were observed in Cytochrome C oxidase, five of which were nonsynonymous, one leading to a stop codon and another [C9227G] being a novel heteroplasmic variant. The A8302G in the lysine tRNA gene was found in two brothers in a pedigree, while a T7572C variant in the aspartate tRNA gene was observed in two brothers in another pedigree
Conclusion: The extent of mitochondrial involvement in the classic group was more significant than in the non-classic form. Beside GAA deleterious mutations, it seems that mtDNA variants have a secondary effect on PD. Understanding, the role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of Pompe may potentially be helpful in developing new therapeutic strategies
ABSTRACT
Objective: Pompe disease is a rare neuromuscular genetic disorder and is classified into two forms of early and late-onset. Over the past two decades, mitochondrial abnormalities have been recognized as an important contributor to an array of neuromuscular diseases. We therefore aimed to compare mitochondrial copy number and mitochondrial displacement-loop sequence variation in infantile and adult Pompe patients
Materials and Methods: in this retrospective study, the mitochondrial D-loop sequence was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and direct sequencing to detect possible variation in 28 Pompe patients [17 infants and 11 adults]. Results were compared with 100 healthy controls and sequences of all individuals were compared with the Cambridge reference sequence. Real-time PCR was used to quantify mitochondrial DNA copy number
Results: among 59 variants identified, 37[62.71%] were present in the infant group, 14[23.333%] in the adult group and 8[13.333%] in both groups. Mitochondrial copy number in infant patients was lower than adults [P<0.05]. A significant frequency difference was seen between the two groups for 12 single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]. A novel insertion [317-318 ins CCC] was observed in patients and six SNPs were identified as neutral variants in controls. There was an inverse association between mitochondrial copy number and D-loop variant number [r=0.54]
Conclusion: the 317-318 ins CCC was detected as a new mitochondrial variant in Pompe patients
ABSTRACT
Mental health is one of the evaluating factors of community indicators, and physical activity is considered an important tool for the importance of public health. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between physical activity and mental health, but these studies did not include those populations in which training children have some traditional and religious aspects. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to compare the prevalence of mental health among those who had inactive, minimally and HEPA activity in a representative sample of adolescents aged 15-19 in South of Iran using data from the Mental Health Survey [n = 2584]. The GHQ-28 and IPAQ-short forms were used to evaluate the mental health and physical activity, respectively. A total of 2584 adolescents [1401 male and 1178 female] participated in the study. The observed odds of psychological symptoms in boys compared to girls is 1.2 times [p=0.018]. We observed that HEPA-activity decreases odds of somatic distress and social dysfunction compared with inactivity [p=0.031 and 0.001, respectively]; minimally activity decreases odds of anxiety compared with inactivity [p=0.038]; but physical activity rate was not affected on odds of adolescents' depression [p>0.05]. Physical activity decreases mental health subscales except for depression among adolescents in Boushehr, southern city of Iran
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Motor Activity , Adolescent , Schools , Anxiety , DepressionABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate root surface pH changes over a period of 4 weeks following treatment with calcium-hydroxide dressing of intact and resorbed roots. The canals of 30 single-rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary files and randomly divided into 2 experimental groups of 14 each, and one control group with two samples. To simulate external resorption in group 2 and control, two defects were made on the buccal and lingual mid-root surfaces of each tooth with a diamond bur [1x1mm]. Teeth were then submerged in 20% sulfuric acid for 4 days. Canals of 14 intact teeth in group 1, and 14 resorbed teeth in group 2 were filled with calcium hydroxide Ca[OH]2 while canals of resorbed teeth in control group were filled with saline. All teeth were then placed in a glass vial containing 15mL of deionized water [pH?7]. The pH of water was measured at 0 and 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days using pH microelectrode. Independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA analyzed the data. Except a mild decline at 7days and 14days, the average pH values showed increased during the time periods of this study. Day 28 showed the maximum pH average value in both groups [7.67-7.72] [P<0.05]. Significant increase of pH values were detected at different time intervals compared with the baseline time [P<0.05]. Diffusion of hydroxyl ions was similar in both resorbed and intact roots. In both groups pH values were significantly higher than the baseline pH at the various times